2017年9月28日木曜日

学習環境

ラング線形代数学(上)(S.ラング (著)、芹沢 正三 (翻訳)、ちくま学芸文庫)の1章(R^n におけるベクトル)、3(ベクトルのノルム)、練習問題10、11.を取り組んでみる。


  1. cosθ = 1 (0 ≤ θ ≤ 1)のならば、θ = 0となるので、ベクトルAとBは同じ向きを持つ。

    cosθ = 0 (0 ≤ θ ≤ 1)のならば、θ = πとなるので、ベクトルAとBは反対の向きを持つ。


  2. 距離の可換性について。

    d( A,B ) = AB = ( AB )·( AB ) = ( 1 ) 2 ( AB )·( AB ) = ( BA )·( BA ) = BA =d( B,A )

    三角不等式について。

    d( A,B ) = BA = ( CA )+( BC ) CA + BC =d( A,C )+d( B,C )

コード(Emacs)

Python 3

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from sympy import pprint, symbols, Matrix, solve

print('11.')

A = Matrix(symbols('a1 a2', real=True))
B = Matrix(symbols('b1 b2', real=True))
C = Matrix(symbols('c1 c2', real=True))

print((A - B).norm() == (B - A).norm())

X = (A - B).norm()
Y = (A - C).norm() + (B - C).norm()
for t in [X, Y]:
    pprint(t)
    print()
pprint(X <= Y)

入出力結果(Terminal, Jupyter(IPython))

$ ./sample10.py
11.
True
   _________________________
  ╱          2            2 
╲╱  (a₁ - b₁)  + (a₂ - b₂)  

   _________________________      _________________________
  ╱          2            2      ╱          2            2 
╲╱  (a₁ - c₁)  + (a₂ - c₂)   + ╲╱  (b₁ - c₁)  + (b₂ - c₂)  

   _________________________      _________________________      _____________
  ╱          2            2      ╱          2            2      ╱          2  
╲╱  (a₁ - b₁)  + (a₂ - b₂)   ≤ ╲╱  (a₁ - c₁)  + (a₂ - c₂)   + ╲╱  (b₁ - c₁)  +

____________
          2 
 (b₂ - c₂)  
$

HTML5

<div id="graph0"></div>
<pre id="output0"></pre>
<label for="r0">r = </label>
<input id="r0" type="number" min="0" value="0.5">
<label for="dx">dx = </label>
<input id="dx" type="number" min="0" step="0.0001" value="0.001">
<br>
<label for="x1">x1 = </label>
<input id="x1" type="number" value="-5">
<label for="x2">x2 = </label>
<input id="x2" type="number" value="5">
<br>
<label for="y1">y1 = </label>
<input id="y1" type="number" value="-5">
<label for="y2">y2 = </label>
<input id="y2" type="number" value="5">
<br>
<label for="a1">a1 = </label>
<input id="a1" type="number" value="2">
<label for="a2">a2 = </label>
<input id="a2" type="number" value="3">
<br>
<label for="b1">b1 = </label>
<input id="b1" type="number" value="-4">
<label for="b2">b2 = </label>
<input id="b2" type="number" value="5">

<button id="draw0">draw</button>
<button id="clear0">clear</button>

<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/4.2.6/d3.min.js" integrity="sha256-5idA201uSwHAROtCops7codXJ0vja+6wbBrZdQ6ETQc=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

<script src="sample10.js"></script>    

JavaScript

let div0 = document.querySelector('#graph0'),
    pre0 = document.querySelector('#output0'),
    width = 600,
    height = 600,
    padding = 50,
    btn0 = document.querySelector('#draw0'),
    btn1 = document.querySelector('#clear0'),
    input_r = document.querySelector('#r0'),
    input_dx = document.querySelector('#dx'),
    input_x1 = document.querySelector('#x1'),
    input_x2 = document.querySelector('#x2'),
    input_y1 = document.querySelector('#y1'),
    input_y2 = document.querySelector('#y2'),
    input_a1 = document.querySelector('#a1'),
    input_a2 = document.querySelector('#a2'),
    input_b1 = document.querySelector('#b1'),
    input_b2 = document.querySelector('#b2'),
    inputs = [input_r, input_dx, input_x1, input_x2, input_y1, input_y2,
              input_a1, input_a2, input_b1, input_b2],
    p = (x) => pre0.textContent += x + '\n',
    range = (start, end, step=1) => {
        let res = [];
        for (let i = start; i < end; i += step) {
            res.push(i);
        }
        return res;
    };

let draw = () => {
    pre0.textContent = '';

    let r = parseFloat(input_r.value),
        dx = parseFloat(input_dx.value),
        x1 = parseFloat(input_x1.value),
        x2 = parseFloat(input_x2.value),
        y1 = parseFloat(input_y1.value),
        y2 = parseFloat(input_y2.value),
        a1 = parseFloat(input_a1.value),
        a2 = parseFloat(input_a2.value),
        b1 = parseFloat(input_b1.value),
        b2 = parseFloat(input_b2.value);

    if (r === 0 || dx === 0 || x1 > x2 || y1 > y2) {
        return;
    }    

    let points = [],
        lines = [[0, 0, a1, a2, 'red'],
                 [0, 0, b1, b2, 'green'],
                 [a1, a2, b1, b2, 'blue']],
        fns = [],
        fns1 = [],
        fns2 = [];

    fns
        .forEach((o) => {
            let [f, color] = o;
            for (let x = x1; x <= x2; x += dx) {
                let y = f(x);

                points.push([x, y, color]);
            }
        });
    
    fns2
        .forEach((o) => {
            let [f, color] = o;

            for (let x = x1; x <= x2; x += dx0) {
                let g = f(x);
                lines.push([x1, g(x1), x2, g(x2), color]);
            }
        });
    
    let xscale = d3.scaleLinear()
        .domain([x1, x2])
        .range([padding, width - padding]);
    let yscale = d3.scaleLinear()
        .domain([y1, y2])
        .range([height - padding, padding]);

    let xaxis = d3.axisBottom().scale(xscale);
    let yaxis = d3.axisLeft().scale(yscale);
    div0.innerHTML = '';
    let svg = d3.select('#graph0')
        .append('svg')
        .attr('width', width)
        .attr('height', height);

    svg.selectAll('line')
        .data([[x1, 0, x2, 0], [0, y1, 0, y2]].concat(lines))
        .enter()
        .append('line')
        .attr('x1', (d) => xscale(d[0]))
        .attr('y1', (d) => yscale(d[1]))
        .attr('x2', (d) => xscale(d[2]))
        .attr('y2', (d) => yscale(d[3]))
        .attr('stroke', (d) => d[4] || 'black');

    svg.selectAll('circle')
        .data(points)
        .enter()
        .append('circle')
        .attr('cx', (d) => xscale(d[0]))
        .attr('cy', (d) => yscale(d[1]))
        .attr('r', r)
        .attr('fill', (d) => d[2] || 'green');

    svg.append('g')
        .attr('transform', `translate(0, ${height - padding})`)
        .call(xaxis);

    svg.append('g')
        .attr('transform', `translate(${padding}, 0)`)
        .call(yaxis);

    [fns, fns1, fns2].forEach((fs) => p(fs.join('\n')));
};

inputs.forEach((input) => input.onchange = draw);
btn0.onclick = draw;
btn1.onclick = () => pre0.textContent = '';
draw();









0 コメント:

コメントを投稿