2018年6月18日月曜日

学習環境

数学読本〈6〉線形写像・1次変換/数論へのプレリュード/集合論へのプレリュード/εとδ/落ち穂拾い など(松坂 和夫(著)、岩波書店)の第26章(エピローグ - 落ち穂拾い、など)、26.4(確率分布と平均)、確率変数の平均または期待値、問8.を取り組んでみる。


  1. E X = E Y + Z = E Y + E Z = 1 p + 1 p = 2 p

コード(Emacs)

Python 3

#!/usr/bin/env python3
from sympy import pprint, symbols, combinatorial, Rational
import random

print('8.')

n = 1000000
dice = range(1, 7)
a = 1
p = 1 / 6
print(f'期待値{2 / p}')
t = 0
for i in range(n):
    s = 0
    while True:
        s += 1
        b = random.choice(dice)
        if b == a:
            while True:
                s += 1
                b = random.choice(dice)
                if b == a:
                    break
            break
    if i % 100000 == 0:
        print(s)
    t += s

print(f'試行回数 {n}回: {t / n}')

入出力結果(Terminal, Jupyter(IPython))

$ ./sample10.py
8.
期待値12.0
3
18
5
12
8
24
6
12
21
2
試行回数 1000000回: 11.994299
$

HTML5

<div id="graph0"></div>
<pre id="output0"></pre>
<label for="r0">r = </label>
<input id="r0" type="number" min="0" value="1">
<label for="dx">dx = </label>
<input id="dx" type="number" min="0" step="0.001" value="1">
<br>
<label for="x1">x1 = </label>
<input id="x1" type="number" value="1">
<label for="x2">x2 = </label>
<input id="x2" type="number" value="1000">
<br>
<label for="y1">y1 = </label>
<input id="y1" type="number" value="0">
<label for="y2">y2 = </label>
<input id="y2" type="number" value="20">

<button id="draw0">draw</button>
<button id="clear0">clear</button>

<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/4.2.6/d3.min.js" integrity="sha256-5idA201uSwHAROtCops7codXJ0vja+6wbBrZdQ6ETQc=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

<script src="sample10.js"></script>

JavaScript

let div0 = document.querySelector('#graph0'),
    pre0 = document.querySelector('#output0'),
    width = 600,
    height = 600,
    padding = 50,
    btn0 = document.querySelector('#draw0'),
    btn1 = document.querySelector('#clear0'),
    input_r = document.querySelector('#r0'),
    input_dx = document.querySelector('#dx'),
    input_x1 = document.querySelector('#x1'),
    input_x2 = document.querySelector('#x2'),
    input_y1 = document.querySelector('#y1'),
    input_y2 = document.querySelector('#y2'),
    inputs = [input_r, input_dx, input_x1, input_x2, input_y1, input_y2],
    p = (x) => pre0.textContent += x + '\n';

let f = (x) => {
    let t = 0;
    for (let i = 0; i < x; i += 1) {
        let s = 0;

        for (;;) {
            s += 1;
            if (Math.floor(Math.random() * 6) == 0) {
                for (;;) {
                    s += 1;
                    if (Math.floor(Math.random() * 6) == 0) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                break;
            }
        }
        t += s;
    }
    return t / x;
};

let draw = () => {
    pre0.textContent = '';

    let r = parseFloat(input_r.value),
        dx = parseFloat(input_dx.value),
        x1 = parseFloat(input_x1.value),
        x2 = parseFloat(input_x2.value),
        y1 = parseFloat(input_y1.value),
        y2 = parseFloat(input_y2.value);

    if (r === 0 || dx === 0 || x1 > x2 || y1 > y2) {
        return;
    }    

    let points = [],
        lines = [[x1, 12, x2, 12, 'red']],
        fns = [[f, 'green']];

    fns
        .forEach((o) => {
            let [f, color] = o;
            for (let x = x1; x <= x2; x += dx) {
                let y = f(x);

                points.push([x, y, color]);
            }
        });
    
    let xscale = d3.scaleLinear()
        .domain([x1, x2])
        .range([padding, width - padding]);
    let yscale = d3.scaleLinear()
        .domain([y1, y2])
        .range([height - padding, padding]);

    let xaxis = d3.axisBottom().scale(xscale);
    let yaxis = d3.axisLeft().scale(yscale);
    div0.innerHTML = '';
    let svg = d3.select('#graph0')
        .append('svg')
        .attr('width', width)
        .attr('height', height);

    svg.selectAll('line')
        .data([[x1, 0, x2, 0], [0, y1, 0, y2]].concat(lines))
        .enter()
        .append('line')
        .attr('x1', (d) => xscale(d[0]))
        .attr('y1', (d) => yscale(d[1]))
        .attr('x2', (d) => xscale(d[2]))
        .attr('y2', (d) => yscale(d[3]))
        .attr('stroke', (d) => d[4] || 'black');

    svg.selectAll('circle')
        .data(points)
        .enter()
        .append('circle')
        .attr('cx', (d) => xscale(d[0]))
        .attr('cy', (d) => yscale(d[1]))
        .attr('r', r)
        .attr('fill', (d) => d[2] || 'green');
    
    svg.append('g')
        .attr('transform', `translate(0, ${height - padding})`)
        .call(xaxis);

    svg.append('g')
        .attr('transform', `translate(${padding}, 0)`)
        .call(yaxis);

    [fns].forEach((fs) => p(fs.join('\n')));
};

inputs.forEach((input) => input.onchange = draw);
btn0.onclick = draw;
btn1.onclick = () => pre0.textContent = '';
draw();







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